1. Soil pH primarily controls _______

 Nutrient availability and microbial activity

 Soil color

 Soil texture

 Soil compaction

2. Gypsum improves soil structure mainly through _______

 Increasing acidity

 Reducing porosity

 Clay dispersion

 Flocculation of clay particles

3. Soil salinity is primarily assessed by measuring _______

 Soil bulk density

 Electrical conductivity (EC)

 Cation exchange capacity (CEC)

 Soil pH

4. Soils formed in humid regions with high rainfall are generally _______

 Alkaline

 Acidic

 Neutral

 Saline

5. At the field scale, the primary driver of soil pH variation is _______

 Biogeochemical processes

 Soil color

 Wind erosion

 Soil depth

6. ______________  best explains a soil’s resistance to pH change when an acid or base is added

 Soil texture

 Soil temperature

 Soil aeration

 Buffering capacity

7. Which natural process contributes to soil acidification through organic acid release?

 Evaporation

 Sedimentation

 Weathering

 Decomposition of organic matter

8. In soil chemistry, exchangeable acidity is mainly associated with __________

 Soil solution

 Soil air

 Soil colloids

 Sand fraction

9. At neutral pH (25 °C), the concentration of hydrogen ions [H⁺] in a soil solution is _______

 10⁻⁶ mol L⁻¹

 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹

 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹

 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹

10. ____________________ is a major cause of soil acidification (decrease in pH)

 Low rainfall

 Application of gypsum

 Presence of carbonates

 Leaching of basic cations

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Soil Chemical Properties MCQs

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