1. Active acidity in soils refers to _______

 Al³⁺ on cation exchange sites

 H⁺ in the soil solution

 H⁺ adsorbed on clay surfaces

 Total soil acidity

2. Soils with low cation exchange capacity (CEC) are most prone to _______

 High buffering capacity

 High inherent fertility

 Strong nutrient retention

 Rapid pH changes

3. At high soil pH, iron (Fe) predominantly exists in _______ form

 Exchangeable

 Mobile

 Insoluble

 Soluble

4. In calcareous soils, phosphorus (P) availability is primarily limited due to ______

 Fe fixation

 Al fixation

 Leaching

 Ca fixation

5. A decrease in soil pH from 7 to 5 indicates ______________________________

 20 times increase in acidity

 2 times increase in acidity

 1000 times increase in acidity

 100 times increase in acidity

6. The term “nutrient fixation” in soils refers to __________________

 Leaching losses of nutrients

 Loss of nutrients through volatilization

 Conversion of nutrients into unavailable forms

 Plant uptake of nutrients

7. ________________  is the soil type most susceptible to rapid acidification

 Clay-rich soil

 Sandy soil with low organic matter

 Organic-rich soil

 Calcareous soil

8. Ammonia (NH₃) volatilization from soils is highest under _______

 Waterlogged conditions

 Acidic conditions

 Neutral conditions

 Alkaline conditions

9. Which soil component most strongly links cation exchange capacity (CEC) with soil pH?

 Sand

 Clay and organic matter

 Water

 Gravel

10. Aluminum (Al³⁺) toxicity in acidic soils primarily affects _______

 Flowering

 Root growth

 Stem elongation

 Leaf photosynthesis

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Soil Chemical Properties MCQs

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