1. Soil pH controls nutrient availability primarily through _______

 Mechanical action

 Soil aeration

 Chemical equilibria

 Physical adsorption

2. In alkaline soils, zinc (Zn) deficiency in plants is primarily due to _______

 Volatilization losses

 Reduced solubility of Zn

 Oxidation of Zn species

 Leaching of Zn below the root zone

3. In mineral soils under aerobic conditions, decomposition of organic matter generally _______

 Decreases soil pH

 Neutralizes soil pH

 Stabilizes soil pH completely

 Increases soil pH

4. Lightning contributes to soil acidification by forming _______

 Ammonia

 Methane

 Nitric acid

 Carbonates

5. In soil chemistry, most reactions (e.g., ion exchange, sorption, dissolution) are generally _______

 Reversible and establish dynamic equilibrium

 One-way

 Static

 Irreversible

6. Among the following plant nutrients, availability of ____________ is least directly affected by soil pH

 Potassium (K)

 Iron (Fe)

 Phosphorus (P)

 Zinc (Zn)

7. In organic soils, which component contributes most to pH buffering capacity?

 Gravel

 Clay

 Sand

 Humus

8. In most mineral soils, phosphorus (P) availability to plants is lowest at _______

 Neutral pH

 Extremely acidic and alkaline conditions

 Slightly alkaline pH

 Moderately acidic pH

9. At soil pH 8 (25 °C), the hydroxide ion concentration [OH⁻] relative to [H⁺] is _______

 Equal to [H⁺]

 Lower than [H⁺]

 Zero

 Higher than [H⁺]

10. High soil sodicity leads to _______

 Enhanced water infiltration

 Increased soil permeability

 Soil dispersion and poor structure

 Improved soil aggregation

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Soil Chemical Properties MCQs

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