1. Gypsum improves soil structure mainly through _______

 Increasing acidity

 Reducing porosity

 Clay dispersion

 Flocculation of clay particles

2. At neutral pH (25 °C), the concentration of hydrogen ions [H⁺] in a soil solution is _______

 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹

 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹

 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹

 10⁻⁶ mol L⁻¹

3. ____________________ is a major cause of soil acidification (decrease in pH)

 Presence of carbonates

 Leaching of basic cations

 Application of gypsum

 Low rainfall

4. Which natural process contributes to soil acidification through organic acid release?

 Evaporation

 Sedimentation

 Weathering

 Decomposition of organic matter

5. Soil pH primarily controls _______

 Soil color

 Soil compaction

 Soil texture

 Nutrient availability and microbial activity

6. ______________  best explains a soil’s resistance to pH change when an acid or base is added

 Soil texture

 Soil temperature

 Soil aeration

 Buffering capacity

7. Soil salinity is primarily assessed by measuring _______

 Cation exchange capacity (CEC)

 Electrical conductivity (EC)

 Soil bulk density

 Soil pH

8. Soils formed in humid regions with high rainfall are generally _______

 Alkaline

 Acidic

 Saline

 Neutral

9. In soil chemistry, exchangeable acidity is mainly associated with __________

 Soil colloids

 Soil solution

 Sand fraction

 Soil air

10. At the field scale, the primary driver of soil pH variation is _______

 Wind erosion

 Soil color

 Biogeochemical processes

 Soil depth

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Soil Chemical Properties MCQs

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