1. Cation exchange capacity is commonly expressed in _______

 pH units

 ppm

 kg/ha

 cmol(+)/kg

2. Which process decreases soil acidity on exchange sites?

 Nitrification

 Liming

 Leaching of bases

 Ammonium fertilization

3. Which mechanism explains the attraction of cations to soil colloids?

 Covalent bonding

 Hydraulic pressure

 Diffusion

 Electrostatic attraction

4. The high cation exchange capacity of soil colloids is mainly due to their _______

 Negative surface charge and large surface area

 Neutral charge

 High permeability

 Low density

5. Which soil fraction contributes least to cation exchange reactions?

 Sand

 Humus

 Organic colloids

 Clay

6. Application of ammonium-based fertilizers increases soil acidity due to _______

 Nitrification producing H⁺ ions

 Volatilization

 Immobilization

 Denitrification

7. Which process increases soil acidity on cation exchange sites?

 Gypsum application

 Addition of Ca²⁺

 Replacement of Ca²⁺ by H⁺ on exchange sites

 Liming

8. Humus contributes to cation exchange mainly through _______

 Silicate structure

 pH-dependent functional groups

 Inert composition

 Crystalline lattice

9. The major soil components responsible for cation exchange are _______

 Primary minerals

 Clay minerals and organic matter

 Gravel and sand

 Soil water and air

10. Cation exchange on soil colloids is primarily a _______ process

 Electrostatic adsorption

 Mechanical trapping

 Biological

 Chemical precipitation

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Soil Chemical Properties MCQs

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