1. What is the effect of soil compaction?

 Improved water infiltration

 Increased root growth

 Increased porosity

 Increased bulk density

2. A “heavy” soil in agricultural terms refers to a soil that ________

 Is high in sand

 Has a high bulk density

 Has a high water content

 Has high clay content and is difficult to till

3. Which pore class is most critical for soil aeration?

 Macropores

 Micropores

 Clay pores

 Mesopores

4. What happens to soil aeration when soil pores are completely filled with water for a long time?

 Aeration stays the same

 Aeration improves because water carries more air

 Aeration decreases because there is little space for air

 Aeration is not related to water in soil

5. When you rub moist soil between your fingers and it feels gritty, which particle size is likely dominant?

 Silt

 Sand

 Clay

 Organic Matter

6. No-tillage systems generally improve soil pore distribution by ____________________

 Reducing porosity

 Increasing compaction

 Enhancing aggregation and macropore continuity

 Decreasing organic matter

7. Why do well-aggregated soils with a crumb structure generally support good plant growth?

 They have stable aggregates with both large and small pores

 They have no pore spaces, so roots stay near the surface

 They prevent any water from draining out

 They are always sandy and low in clay

8. What is the main effect of soil compaction on plant root growth?

 It increases pore space and improves root growth

 It only affects soil pH

 It decreases pore space and restricts root growth

 It changes soil color but not root growth

9. The “1.724” factor used to convert organic carbon to organic matter is known as _______.

 Van’t Hoff Factor

 Stokes Factor

 Bemmelen Factor

 Darcy Constant

10. Which physical property of soil most directly influences how easily water can move downward through the soil profile?

 Soil temperature

 Soil pH

 Soil color

 Soil permeability

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