1. Which type of RNA is a structural and catalytic component of ribosomes?

 tRNA

 siRNA

 rRNA

 mRNA

2. A eukaryotic enhancer is relocated downstream of a gene but remains functional. This demonstrates _______

 RNA instability

 Transcription termination

 Position-independent regulatory activity

 Promoter dependency

3. In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is the primary site of _______

 Protein folding

 Translation

 Transcription

 Lipid synthesis

4. Proteins are composed of _______

 Simple sugars

 Amino acids

 Nucleotides

 Fatty acids

5. In eukaryotic cells, where does pre-mRNA processing (5′ capping, splicing, and polyadenylation) occur?

 Ribosome

 Cytoplasm

 Cell membrane

 Nucleus

6. A mutation that disrupts spliceosome function would most directly interfere with which process?

 DNA replication by DNA polymerase

 Removal of introns from pre-mRNA

 Transcription initiation by RNA polymerase

 Chromatin remodeling by histone acetyltransferases

7. After proteins are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), which organelle is primarily responsible for their modification, sorting, and packaging for transport?

 Golgi apparatus

 Peroxisome

 Mitochondria

 Nucleus

8. _______ directly determines the three-dimensional structure of a protein

 Amino acid sequence

 DNA

 RNA

 Lipids

9.

Which macromolecules are the primary components of the central dogma of gene expression?

 DNA, RNA, and carbohydrates

 DNA, RNA, and proteins

 DNA, RNA, and vitamins

 DNA, RNA, and lipids

10. In most cases, the functional outcome of gene expression in eukaryotes is the production of _______

 Proteins that determine cellular structure and function

 Signals that trigger apoptosis

 New chromosomes during mitosis

 Duplicated DNA for cell division

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Question 1 of 10

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Gene Expression MCQs

Gene Expression is the process by which information encoded in DNA is converted into functional products—primarily proteins or functional RNAs.

It occurs in two main stages:

• Transcription: DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).
• Translation: mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to synthesize proteins.

Gene expression is tightly regulated at multiple levels (epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational), allowing cells to control when, where, and how much of a gene product is produced, which underlies cell differentiation, development, and environmental responses.