1. The first step of gene expression is _______

 DNA replication

 Translation

 Mutation

 Transcription

2. mRNA carries genetic information from _______ to __________

 Cytoplasm to nucleus

 Nucleus to cytoplasm

 Ribosome to DNA

 Protein to RNA

3. tRNA functions to _______

 Carry amino acids to ribosomes

 Synthesize DNA

 Degrade proteins

 Store genetic information

4. The genetic code is read in units called _______

 Chromosomes

 Codons

 Genes

 Enzymes

5. Each codon consists of _______ nucleotides

 Five

 Three

 Two

 Four

6. Gene expression refers to __________________________

 Protein degradation

 Cell division

 Conversion of genetic information into functional products

 DNA replication only

7. Introns are best described as _______

 Translation initiation sites

 Regulatory DNA elements

 Non-coding intervening sequences in pre-mRNA

 Protein-coding regions

8. Codon bias affects gene expression by influencing _______

 Promoter binding affinity

 DNA replication speed

 RNA splicing efficiency

 tRNA availability and translation efficiency

9. Splicing defects are most likely to result in _____________________

 Correct protein folding

 Altered reading frames and production of dysfunctional proteins

 Increased translation efficiency

 Improved gene expression

10. A gene becomes transcriptionally inactive primarily due to _______

 Histone acetylation

 mRNA splicing

 DNA replication

 DNA methylation at promoter CpG islands

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Question 1 of 10

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Gene Expression MCQs

Gene Expression is the process by which information encoded in DNA is converted into functional products—primarily proteins or functional RNAs.

It occurs in two main stages:

• Transcription: DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).
• Translation: mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to synthesize proteins.

Gene expression is tightly regulated at multiple levels (epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational), allowing cells to control when, where, and how much of a gene product is produced, which underlies cell differentiation, development, and environmental responses.